〈 Chapter１〉 "The Man Who Laughs ( 1928 )" as the prototype of the Joker 1. If you are familiar with American comic books, you may know that the character of Joker is derived from the appearance of Gwynplaine, played by Conrad Veidt ( 18…

■ The following is the sequence that could be called "March of the Bolsheviks", which symbolically shows that the Bolsheviks getting over dead comrades and moving forward ( 30~33 ). ■ It is "March of the Bolsheviks" as symbolism of the wor…

Film 『 Arsenal 』 Directed by Alexander Petrovich Dovzhenko ( Довженко Олександр Петрович ) Release 1929 Starring Semyon Svashenko ( Семен Свашенко ) ( Tymish ) Mykola Kuchynsky ( Микола Кучинський ) ( Symon Petliura ) Osip Merlatti ( Оси…

Film 『 Zvenigora 』 ( ＊A ) Directed by Alexander Petrovich Dovzhenko ( ＊B ) Release 1928 Starring Nikolai Nademsky Semyon Svashenko Aleksandr Podorozhny ( ＊A ) ■ Zvenigora ( Звени́гора ) was produced under the Soviet Union, so it has b…

■ While "The Seashell and the Clergyman" is categorized as a pioneering surrealist film or a pure film, if Artaud considered "The Seashell and the Clergyman" as a film reflecting his own thought, we can say that "The Seashell and the Clerg…

■ Today, when the film "The Seashell and the Clergyman" is mentioned, it is not so much as a film by Germaine Dulac, but rather as a film for which Antonin Artaud wrote its script. Even if one is not interested in the director of the film,…